In welding, electrodes are the core material for establishing the arc, conducting energy, and forming the weld pool. With increasing environmental protection requirements and the prevalence of welding automation, traditional thorium-containing electrodes are gradually being replaced by non-radioactive alternatives, with lanthanum-tungsten electrodes being the most widely used and recognized. Beyond environmental and performance advantages, service life is also a key concern for users. So, how long can a lanthanum tungsten electrode last? And what factors influence its service life? 1.…